For years, you contributed diligently to your 401(k) plan at work, enjoying the convenience, the lovely employer match and the knowledge that, as you made your contributions to the plan, it reduced your taxable income.
Then you watched your earnings grow, tax-deferred.
Each and every dollar remained in your account, at work for you, enlarging your retirement nest egg. It was a great deal for you, but not such a great deal for lawmakers who have an insatiable appetite for tax revenue.
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Congress wants you to save money for retirement, and tax relief is a great motivator. But no tax relief is open-ended. Eventually, we must all "render unto Caesar."
Thus, required minimum distribution (RMD) rules were established.
In essence, RMD rules mandate that once someone turns 70½ years old, he or she must begin drawing an income from their qualified-plan assets. (There are a few exceptions, but generally speaking, most plans are subject to RMD mandates.) This income is considered ordinary income and is subject to taxation. And the penalty for not taking them is severe—50% of the untaken RMDs.
There is an IRS formula that is used to calculate each year's exact RMD percentage. Although unique to each individual, generally speaking, for someone who is in their early to mid-70s, an RMD is roughly 4% of all qualified-plan assets. So, if someone owned $500,000 in qualified-plan assets, they would be required to draw about $20,000 in annual income.
For most retirees, RMD mandates are not a concern, as they always intended to use those assets to produce retirement income.
But some retirees don't need the money. They have enough income being generated from other sources. So, what can they do?
Take, for example, Jim. He had owned his own business and contributed to qualified plans at work. Once he retired, he sold his business for quite a large sum of money and simply didn't need the RMD income he was required to take when he turned 70½.
Still, Jim's RMDs were about $30,000 per year, and his overall tax rate was roughly 30%. Given those financial parameters, Jim's RMDs left him with about $20,000 per year. He decided to accumulate the payments in certificates of deposit, thinking he would leave the money as an additional inheritance to his children. This all sounded great —but was it the best way to go?
Another option: Jim could have redirected the $20,000 a year into a guaranteed premium universal life insurance policy, with a death benefit that would be substantially greater than years of accumulated RMDs. Because his health was good, life insurance was a viable path to consider. In the end, Jim could have qualified for $650,000 in life insurance death benefits, proceeds that would be paid tax-free to his beneficiaries.
Then, Jim could have established an irrevocable life insurance trust and moved ownership of his life insurance policy into the trust. If after 11 years of annual premium payments to the trust, Jim died, he'd leave $650,000 of life insurance proceeds to his beneficiaries, subject to the trust mandates. Over the course of 11 years, Jim would have made a total of $220,000 of premium payments to create $650,000 of wealth.
By redirecting unneeded RMDs into life insurance, you too can use this strategy to create more wealth for your heirs. Of course, it may not be the right move for everyone, but this certainly illustrates that by being creative about RMDs, you can make your retirement strategy more efficient.
Gerard (Gerry) Dougherty is the founder and president of Boston Independence Group Inc. He is an Investment Adviser Representative and a licensed insurance professional. He hosts a weekly radio show called "Uncomplicated Money" and recently published his first book, Uncomplicated Money: Retirement Is Within Reach.
Kim Franke-Folstad contributed to this article.
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