Considering Donating to Charity? Here’s a Road Map to Steer Your Choices

Giving money away is not hard. The challenge comes in giving it to the right people, in the right amounts, at the right time and for the right reasons. Aristotle first made that observation more than 2,000 years ago, and it’s just as true today.

But by asking the right questions, you can develop a plan that will help make giving meaningful, effective and joyful.

To begin, start by asking:

Subscribe to Kiplinger’s Personal Finance

Be a smarter, better informed investor.

Save up to 74%

Sign up for Kiplinger’s Free E-Newsletters

Profit and prosper with the best of expert advice on investing, taxes, retirement, personal finance and more - straight to your e-mail.

Profit and prosper with the best of expert advice - straight to your e-mail.

Sign up

1. Why are you giving?

Reflect on what values are driving you. Perhaps it’s generational family beliefs, cultural heritage or faith. Or maybe you’re carving a path away from past traditions. It could be a desire to address specific obstacles you overcame — perhaps being the first in your family to graduate from college or surviving a serious illness. While there may be multiple answers, making time to understand your motivations is the first step to building a foundation for effective philanthropy.

2. What issues do you care about?

Once you understand your motivation, the next step is to zero in on specific issues. Countless causes could benefit from your generosity. You may feel compelled to help address the homelessness crisis, offer youth mentoring or increase arts access. If you have a family member who struggles with an illness, you may be passionate about supporting research on promising therapies.

It helps to think through the significant challenges that spark your interest and narrow the focus to something more manageable. Consider what populations you most want to support, where and what you want to accomplish.

You can pick one issue or many, and they can reinforce each other or not.

3. What’s your approach to making change happen?

Once you’ve determined the issue area(s) you want to address, the next step is to consider the how — in other words, the approach you want to take. Positive impact can happen in many ways. Consider what feels like the best fit for your goals, issue focus, expertise and time horizon.

Let’s say that after answering questions one and two, you’ve zeroed in on the impacts of climate change and pollution on ocean life. You could select any number of different approaches: to fund research to better understand the problems, to help drive awareness campaigns about the impact of pollutants, to donate to policy advocacy initiatives to regulate actions that harm the oceans, to help spur community action to support environmentally friendly practices or to support innovative technologies that mitigate threats or habitat restoration.

For large, complex and long-standing challenges, it makes sense to take a long view and right-size your approach, the resources you are willing to give and how long you plan to give.

4. How can you work most effectively?

If you are eager to devote significant time to philanthropy for the long term yourself or will hire staff to assist you, and you’re focused on crafting a public legacy, you may choose to set up a private foundation. You’ll need tax and legal assistance, as well as philanthropic advising. Other givers opt for the simplicity of a donor-advised fund (DAF), which can be offered by a community foundation, a national fund associated with a financial institution or a mission-oriented nonprofit.

You could work alone, but you’d likely be more effective if you collaborated with others. With whom and how you collaborate depends on a wide range of considerations, but when done well, it can greatly enhance progress. For example, a group of philanthropists joined together to create the Plastic Solutions Fund to increase the impact they could have on the environment. Individuals can create giving circles to learn and give together, or work with a professional philanthropic adviser.

Collaboration can also be with community groups most knowledgeable about their local context or their community’s needs.

5. How will you assess progress?

Most givers wonder, “How do I know I’m making a difference?” Unlike a for-profit investment's straightforward monetary gain or loss, a charitable donation’s impact is more nuanced and challenging to assess. In this regard, measuring your philanthropy's impact can be difficult.

Moreover, making change — especially significant, systemic change — takes time, so as you think about measures, having milestones along the way can help. As you consider the milestones to measure, understand that there may be art as well as science involved: quantifiable outputs — such as the number of students graduating from college — and less tangible outcomes — such as more vibrant communities.

Sometimes the work is part of a complex system. You may want to rigorously measure results or, at the other end of the spectrum, collect stories about the people touched by your donations. You can assess your own or work with philanthropic professionals to help you learn what’s working.

Whichever approach you take, it’s important to work with the nonprofit organizations that receive your funds to understand how they measure impact so you’re assessing what matters most and avoiding adding unnecessary bureaucracy. Consider how the communities most impacted by your giving would define success.

Your Personalized Philanthropic Journey

Every giver is different. Some people are hands-on and want to jump right in themselves. Others prefer to use professional, philanthropic advisers to research issues and organizations, offer insights and handle the mechanics of giving. Some give publicly, and others prefer privacy. For some givers, philanthropy is a joyful family affair; for others, it might feel like a family feud.

Reflect on which feels right to you. You may even choose to be a changemaker yourself and start an organization. If you do, it might be prudent to consider working with a fiscal sponsor, which can provide the infrastructure that can be cumbersome to create on your own.

Whatever path you choose, it helps to have a framework to map your philanthropic journey and set you in the right direction.

Rest assured, you don’t have to be a billionaire to be a philanthropist. Every giver can earn that title. And by answering the key questions that chart your road map for giving, you can find deeper meaning in your generosity, assess progress along the way and ensure your investment in the cause you care about is paying off.