Eight Surprising Things Your Home Insurance Won't Cover

Buying home insurance is supposed to have you covered when disaster strikes — and in many ways, it does. But there are some surprising exclusions in standard policies that could leave your home exposed to uncovered damage. If you live in a flood-prone or earthquake-prone area, for example, you might need to doublecheck your coverage and buy additional insurance to cover the gaps.

Neither of these disasters are typically covered by standard home insurance. Yet, the number of homes with flood insurance in the United States actually fell to just 3.3% last year.

Here, we explain what is and what isn’t typically covered by your home insurance.

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What does home insurance cover?

A basic home insurance policy pays to repair — and, in some cases, completely rebuild — your home and other structures on your property when damaged from covered events.

Most home insurance policies provide five types of coverage:

• Dwelling. This covers damage to your house and to structures attached to your home, such as a porch or garage.
• Other structures. This pays for damage to fences, sheds, freestanding garages and other structures that are not attached to your house but are located on the property.
• Personal property. This reimburses you for your possessions, including furniture, electronics, appliances or clothing, if they’re damaged or lost in a covered event.
• Loss of use. This pays for your temporary living expenses, such as hotel bills or meals, while your home is being repaired after a disaster.
• Personal liability. This covers the costs of medical bills for people who get hurt on your property and your legal fees if the person sues you for damages.

4 types of damage home insurance will cover

Those five types of coverage will only kick in if the cause of the damage is one covered by your home insurance policy. That's where it can get tricky for homeowners who might assume any natural disaster, accident, or other threat would be included.

Before diving into what home insurance won't cover, take a look at some of the things that are included in most standard home insurance policies.

1. Some natural disasters are covered by home insurance

Most policies cover damage to your home from natural disasters like tornados, hurricanes, lightning, snowstorms and fires. They also cover damage to detached structures located on your property, such as a shed, garage, fence or gazebo.

2. The contents of your home are (mostly) protected

Home insurance policies typically cover the contents of your home from damage or theft. In most cases, this coverages comes in the form of a maximum dollar amount that your insurer will pay out for lost or damaged personal property.

But keep in mind, you need to provide evidence of your belongings to your insurance provider when you file a claim. If you can't prove you owned an item or you can't prove the actual value of it, insurance may not be willing to pay out.

(Pro tip: Take pictures of your possessions and store those photos in the cloud so that you’re prepared to make a claim.)

3. Short-term living expenses are often covered

If a covered disaster makes your home unlivable, standard home insurance will usually cover the temporary living expenses you incur while waiting for your home to be repaired or rebuilt.

This coverage pays for short-term living expenses, such as hotel bills, meals and other expenses listed in your policy, while your home is being rebuilt after a disaster.

Doublecheck the terms of your policy, though. Some plans will only cover these expenses for a certain time frame or up to a certain dollar amount. Insurers also vary on how this benefit is paid out. Some might send you a debit card in the mail right away. Others might have to pay for things out of pocket and submit the receipts for reimbursement.

4. Home insurance protects you against lawsuits for injury or property damage

Standard home insurance provides liability protection against lawsuits for bodily injury or property damage that you or your family members cause to other people when they’re on your property.

This protection pays for attorney fees and any court-ordered payouts to the injured party up to your policy’s limit.

You can use our tool below, powered by Bankrate, to compare home insurance rates today.

8 Things Your Home Insurance Won't Cover

There are a number of potential damages or liabilities that a standard home insurance policy does not protect you from. Here are some of the most common ones that are excluded, even if they sound like they would be.

1. Flood damage isn't covered

A standard home insurance policy does not cover damage from a flood. This exclusion is tricky because it includes water damage that occurs during a hurricane or other storm, but is deemed flood-related rather than wind or rain-related.

If your home is located in a special flood hazard area (SFHA), your mortgage lender will likely require you to purchase flood insurance from the federal government’s National Flood Insurance Program or from a private insurer.

But even if you aren't in a flood zone or aren't required to get flood insurance, it's still good to have. Flooding is involved in 90% of natural disasters in the U.S. Even if the natural disaster is covered by your standard policy, any flooding related to it won't be.

Flood insurance typically costs an average of about $888 per year, according to a Policy Genius report. But premiums vary depending on your property's elevation and other flood risk factors. You can get price quotes at FloodSmart.gov.

2. Earthquakes, landslides and sinkholes aren't covered, either

As surprising as it sounds, home insurance does not cover damage that results from land movements, including earthquakes, landslides or sinkholes.

For those who live in areas where any of these are a real risk, additional insurance is recommended. That's particularly true for people who live in California, Washington and Missouri, the top three earthquake markets in the country, as identified by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

Californians can purchase a policy through the California Earthquake Authority.

It is also possible to purchase an additional policy or add coverage for landslides or sinkholes if you are at risk.

3. Water leaks are only covered in some situations

Home insurance does cover damage resulting from water leaks, but only when the leak is sudden or accidental, such as if a pipe burst.

Insurance does not cover damage from leaks that are a result of poor maintenance on the part of the homeowner; for example, if a homeowner fails to remedy a slow leak that causes damage over time.

To prevent being denied coverage for a water leak, check your roof and plumbing regularly for damage — especially after a storm or natural disaster. You want to catch every sudden or accidental break when it happens so you can make a prompt claim if necessary. If you don't notice a leak until months later and make a claim at that point, your insurer might decide its the result of poor maintenance.

4. Mold coverage is tricky

Mold is not usually covered by a home insurance policy unless you can prove it has sprung up as a result of a "covered peril," such as a water heater bursting or wind-driven rain. Say a hurricane rips a hole in your roof, causing rainwater to soak through your ceiling and walls. If mold grows in that area, insurance will likely cover it.

However, if the cause of the mold is a flood or other excluded disaster, you're on your own. Mold is also not covered if it was caused by neglect, such as, say, failing to deal with a leaking pipe under the kitchen sink for months, which results in mold growth.

Even if the mold is caused by a "covered peril," you still need to take proactive steps to prevent mold from growing to improve your odds of getting the mold claim approved. If a pipe bursts, for example, you need to shut off water to your house, take photos of the damage, and then dry the area as quickly as you can. If your insurer determines that you didn't make every reasonable effort to prevent mold, your mold claim might be denied even if other damage is covered.

5. Expensive jewelry and other valuables aren't fully covered

While your personal property is usually covered by home insurance, home insurance will typically have limits that cap the maximum payout for certain types of property. For particularly valuable possessions like jewelry, art and collectibles, that coverage limit won't reflect the full value of the items.

For example, if your policy has a limit of $1,500 for jewelry, that's the maximum amount you could receive from insurance if your jewelry is stolen or damaged — even if you can prove your jewelry collection was worth more than that.

To insure these valuable items for their full value, you’ll need to have them professionally appraised and pay extra to add a personal property endorsement or rider to your insurance policy. Rates can vary between providers, but you can expect to pay about 1% to 2% of your item’s value, according to Geico. For example, a $5,000 engagement ring could cost about $50 annually to insure.

6. Home office equipment isn't fully covered

Do you work from home? A typical home insurance policy provides only $2,500 of coverage for business equipment, the Insurance Information Institute reports.

Depending on your business, you might have equipment or inventory worth far more than that. Fortunately, for as little as $20 a year, you could add a home business endorsement or rider that doubles your policy's coverage from $2,500 to $5,000.

7. Pest damage is your responsibility

Whether it's termites burrowing through your framing or rodents chewing up your wiring, most pest damage isn't actually covered by home insurance. You'll be liable to pay for repairing the damage and removing the offending pest.

The reason: infestations are typically seen as preventable through proper home maintenance. So any damage caused is deemed the result of negligence or poor maintenance.

There are some exceptions to this exclusion. For example, large animals like deer or bear that smash your fence or break into your home would likely be covered.

Some insurers will also step in for a "covered peril" that results from pest damage. Say the rats that chewed through your wiring started an electrical fire. Your insurer would likely cover any fire-related damage. But you'd still be on the hook for any rodent-related damage.

8. Recent home upgrades might not be covered

If you've done any remodeling or modifications to your home, like adding a wheelchair ramp or finishing your basement, it may not be covered by your current home insurance policy.

Your policy covers your home as it was when you enrolled. If you've made changes since then, especially ones that would be expensive to replace or repair, you need to contact your insurer to make sure you have enough coverage to pay for them.

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