Trump's Tariff Plan: Which States Would Be Hit the Hardest?
The presidential candidate’s campaign proposal would substantially increase prices in as many as 20 states.
Former President Donald Trump’s plan to raise tariffs won’t come cheap and according to a new bipartisan study, will hit some states harder than others.
The Republican presidential nominee has pledged to impose a tariff as high as 20% on all foreign imports and an additional punitive 60% tax on imports from China. Trump has also floated the idea of eliminating all income taxes in favor of tariffs. (More on that later.)
As Kiplinger has reported, the controversial policy is said to raise trillions in revenue, but it would fail to solve the deficit and cost U.S. consumers more each year.
Sign up for Kiplinger’s Free E-Newsletters
Profit and prosper with the best of expert advice on investing, taxes, retirement, personal finance and more - straight to your e-mail.
Profit and prosper with the best of expert advice - straight to your e-mail.
Those facing the largest price burden would reportedly be in states in the Midwest and South, the Tax Policy Center (TPC) found, their revenue is more reliant on trade compared to other regions of the country.
“Trump’s proposed tariffs would create an entirely new policy tradeoff calculation, and the costs of that policy would not be spread equally across the 50 states,” Robert McClelland and Richard Auxier of the TPC wrote in their report.
Replacing income tax with tariffs?
Understanding the impact of tariffs is important, especially since Former President Trump has recently pitched the idea of replacing federal income taxes with tariffs.
During a recent appearance on Joe Rogan's podcast, Trump expressed openness to this radical shift in the U.S. tax system. He referenced the presidency of William McKinley, whom he called "the tariff king," and praised the supposed economic prosperity of the late 1800s.
Trump's tariff proposal includes implementing a universal tariff of 10% or 20% on all imports, with an even higher rate for Chinese goods. When questioned about the seriousness of his idea, Trump responded, "Yeah, sure. Why not?"
Trump's running mate, Sen. JD Vance, has since described the proposal as not "realistic."
Trump tariff: Which states would be hurt the most
To calculate how Trump’s proposal to hike tariffs would impact the United States, the Tax Policy Center examined the distribution of imports state-by-state.
Nationally, imports totaled about 11% of U.S. GDP last year, but there are 11 states where they made up 15% or more of that state’s economy.
Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Mississippi, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Tennessee, and Wisconsin are among them.
“Existing tariffs are most consequential to the economies of states in the Midwest and South because those are the states where imports total the largest share of GDP,” the TPC researchers wrote in the report.
The entire U.S. would be impacted by higher tariffs
On average, Trump’s proposed 60% tariff on goods from China and 10% tariff on goods from all other nations would increase tariff payments as a share of state GDP by 1.5 percentage points across all 50 states and the District of Columbia.
But the largest percentage point increases would occur in Kentucky, which would see tariff payments as a share of state GDP jump by 4.1 points.
This is followed by Indiana (3.9 points), Tennessee (3.6 points), Mississippi (3.5 points), and Michigan (2.8 points). The smallest increase would occur in South Dakota (0.3 points).
- Overall, tariff payments would total more than 3% of the state GDP: in Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin.
- It would total more than 4% of the state GDP in Kentucky, Indiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee.
- As noted, Kentucky would bear the largest total tariff payment, with tariff payments totaling nearly 5% of its state GDP.
All told, tariff payments would total more than 2% of state GDP in 20 states, the TPC revealed.
Consumers would pay the price from tariffs
Trump’s tariff plan has been a centerpiece of his campaign. At one point, he even suggested a 100% tariff on countries that leave the U.S. dollar as well as “every single car coming across the Mexican border.”
The former president has argued that tariff hikes could:
- Reduce child care costs
- Lower food prices
- Create more factory jobs
- Reduce the federal deficit
However, many economists aren’t convinced and have debunked some of Trump’s claims. They warn consumers will most likely pay thousands more a year for goods and services due to the proposed tariff policy.
- For instance, a 20% blanket tariff on all imports with a 60% tariff on China, would cost the typical U.S. household with middle-income $2,600 a year.
- That’s up from a $1,700 loss in after-tax income if he were to raise tariffs by 10%, according to the Peterson Institute for International Economics
- The Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget predicts that Trump’s campaign proposals would increase the federal debt by $7.5 trillion over the next decade.
At the same time, Democratic presidential nominee Vice President Kamala Harris also slammed Trump’s tariff plans, calling it a “national sales tax” that would raise prices on middle-class families by nearly $4,000 a year.
“Research shows that tariffs were passed on to consumers and businesses rather than being paid by the exporting nations.”
Why tariffs matter this election
Tariffs matter since they can increase the costs of goods and services you rely on and impact your budget.
As the days leading up to the 2024 U.S. presidential election inch closer, voters should stay informed of each candidate’s tax policies and how they may come to shape the county’s economic future.
Related Content
Get Kiplinger Today newsletter — free
Profit and prosper with the best of Kiplinger's advice on investing, taxes, retirement, personal finance and much more. Delivered daily. Enter your email in the box and click Sign Me Up.
Gabriella Cruz-Martínez is a seasoned finance journalist with 8 years of experience covering consumer debt, economic policy, and tax. Before joining Kiplinger as a tax writer, her in-depth reporting and analysis were featured in Yahoo Finance. She contributed to national dialogues on fiscal responsibility, market trends and economic reforms involving family tax credits, housing accessibility, banking regulations, student loan debt, and inflation.
Gabriella’s work has also appeared in Money Magazine, The Hyde Park Herald, and the Journal Gazette & Times-Courier. As a reporter and journalist, she enjoys writing stories that empower people from diverse backgrounds about their finances no matter their stage in life.
-
Your Guide to Open Enrollment and Health Insurance for 2025
Open enrollment starts on November 1. With health care costs on the rise, it’s critical to select a plan that fits your needs at the right price.
By Laura Petrecca Published
-
Why You Should Consider Private Equity in Your Investment Portfolio
Private equity investment is a way to broaden your exposure beyond the mega-cap, tech-heavy giants and reach into the broader economic landscape.
By Nicholas Pope Published
-
Three Ways to Avoid the Mansion Tax
Property Tax Some homebuyers have found creative loopholes around the mansion tax, but are they legal?
By Gabriella Cruz-Martínez Last updated
-
Election Updates: How Trump's Plans Would Hurt Social Security, Per Report
The latest election updates on what candidates are saying as it concerns people's finances, along with commentary and analysis from Kiplinger experts.
By Alexandra Svokos Last updated
-
Election Could Reshape Opportunity Zones and 1031 Exchanges
Trump and Harris have divergent approaches to qualified opportunity zones and 1031 exchanges. See how each could fare under their administrations.
By Daniel Goodwin Published
-
Election 2024 Childcare Debate: Harris-Walz vs. Trump-Vance Plans
Election As Election Day approaches, the Republican and Democratic tickets present different ideas for childcare and family tax credits. Here's what to know.
By Gabriella Cruz-Martínez Published
-
Landmark Lawsuit Targets Unfair NYC Property Taxes
Property Tax New York’s highest court just weighed in on the city’s embattled property tax code. Here's what it could mean for you.
By Gabriella Cruz-Martínez Last updated
-
The Mansion Tax: Do You Need to Worry About It?
Mansion Tax If you’re in the market for a high-value home, you may face an additional tax rolled into your closing costs.
By Gabriella Cruz-Martínez Last updated
-
Does Kansas Tax Social Security Benefits?
Social Security The Sunflower State’s new tax package will have a widespread impact on retirees and young families. Here’s what you can expect.
By Gabriella Cruz-Martínez Last updated
-
Colorado’s New Property Tax Reform Could Save You Hundreds
Property Tax The Centennial State just signed a new property tax bill into law. Here’s what you need to know.
By Gabriella Cruz-Martínez Published